INFORMATIONAL: Good to know

Septic System vs. Cesspool: What’s the Difference?

What This Means

Septic systems and cesspools both handle household wastewater, but they work differently. A septic system treats waste through bacterial action before releasing filtered effluent into a drain field. A cesspool is a simpler pit that collects waste but provides little treatment. Cesspools are older, more common in the Northeast (especially New York and New Jersey), and most states are phasing them out.

What To Do in the Next 60 Minutes

  1. 1Check your property records or call your county health department to find out which system you have.
  2. 2If you have a cesspool, ask a professional about conversion options.
  3. 3Both systems require regular pumping — cesspools typically need pumping more frequently.

What This Might Cost

  • Cesspool pumping$200–$800
  • Septic pumping$290–$650
  • Cesspool-to-septic conversion$5,000–$20,000

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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I know if I have a septic system or a cesspool?

Your property records or county health department can confirm which system you have. Generally, homes built before the 1970s in the Northeast are more likely to have cesspools. A septic professional can also identify your system type during an inspection.

Is a cesspool worse than a septic system?

Cesspools provide less treatment of wastewater compared to septic systems, which makes them more likely to contaminate groundwater. Most states now prohibit new cesspool installations, and some require conversion when a property is sold. However, a well-maintained cesspool can function adequately with regular pumping.

How much does it cost to convert a cesspool to a septic system?

Cesspool-to-septic conversion typically costs $5,000 to $20,000, depending on soil conditions, system size, and local permit requirements. Some states and counties offer grants or low-interest loans for conversions, especially in areas with groundwater contamination concerns.